A Rare Case of COVID-19 Related Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy With the RANBP2 Mutation in a Pediatric Patient.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare childhood neurological disorder. The familiar type of ANE (ANE1) is associated with a mutation in the RANBP2 gene. Both SARS-CoV-2 and RANBP2 mutations are responsible for the manifestation of a hyper-inflammatory response that invades the central nervous system and plays a key role in the rapid progression of encephalopathy.

Spinal angiolipoma: Presentation of two cases and review of the literature for the years 2012-2017 / Angiolipoma espinal: descripción de 2 casos y revisión de la bibliografía durante los años 2012-2017

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Angiolipomas of the spinal canal are a rare condition of unknown origin. They are considered histologically benign; however, some have the potential to infiltrate adjacent structures. The aim of this systematic review was to suggest a potential mechanism for the pathogenesis of spinal angiolipomas, along with a useful approach for their preoperative management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review of cases of spinal angiolipoma was performed. In addition, two of the cases encountered in our practice are presented. The first case refers to a 35-year-old male patient with a history of spinal fusion because of a T9 fracture, while the second concerns a 46-year-old male patient with an epidural mass extending outside the spinal canal, who underwent fine needle biopsy and embolisation of its feeding vessel. RESULTS: From the review of the literature performed, we were unable to identify any correlation between the infiltrative potential and the patients' demographic and tumour characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Angiolipomas are considered to be sporadic, yet theories concerning their pathogenesis include reaction to harmful stimuli and congenital malformation of the adipose tissue. Fine needle biopsy may be mistakenly considered non-diagnostic, due to the presence of well-differentiated adipocytes

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: Los angiolipomas del canal vertebral son una enfermedad rara de origen desconocido. Se consideran histológicamente benignos, aunque en algunos casos existe la posibilidad de que se infiltren en estructuras adyacentes. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es sugerir un posible mecanismo para la patogenia de los angiolipomas espinales, junto con un enfoque útil para su tratamiento preoperatorio. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica de los casos de angiolipomas espinales. Además, se presentan 2 de los casos encontrados en nuestra práctica clínica. El primer caso corresponde a un paciente varón de 35 años con antecedentes de artrodesis vertebral debido a una fractura en T9, mientras que el segundo corresponde a un paciente varón de 46 años con una masa epidural que se extendía fuera del canal vertebral, al que se realizó una biopsia con aguja fina y una embolización del vaso nutricio. RESULTADOS: A partir de la revisión bibliográfica realizada, no pudimos identificar ninguna correlación entre el potencial de infiltración, los datos demográficos y las características de los tumores de los pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: Los angiolipomas se consideran esporádicos, existiendo, no obstante, teorías referentes a su patogenia que incluyen la reacción a estímulos nocivos y la malformación congénita del tejido adiposo. La biopsia con aguja fina puede considerarse erróneamente como no diagnóstica, debido a la presencia de adipocitos bien diferenciados

Spinal angiolipoma: Presentation of two cases and review of the literature for the years 2012-2017.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Angiolipomas of the spinal canal are a rare condition of unknown origin. They are considered histologically benign; however, some have the potential to infiltrate adjacent structures. The aim of this systematic review was to suggest a potential mechanism for the pathogenesis of spinal angiolipomas, along with a useful approach for their preoperative management. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review of cases of spinal angiolipoma was performed. In addition, two of the cases encountered in our practice are presented. The first case refers to a 35-year-old male patient with a history of spinal fusion because of a T9 fracture, while the second concerns a 46-year-old male patient with an epidural mass extending outside the spinal canal, who underwent fine needle biopsy and embolisation of its feeding vessel. RESULTS: From the review of the literature performed, we were unable to identify any correlation between the infiltrative potential and the patients' demographic and tumour characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Angiolipomas are considered to be sporadic, yet theories concerning their pathogenesis include reaction to harmful stimuli and congenital malformation of the adipose tissue. Fine needle biopsy may be mistakenly considered non-diagnostic, due to the presence of well-differentiated adipocytes.